How can sharp-shinned hawks be distinguished from Cooper's hawks?

Sharp-shinned hawks and Cooper's hawks can indeed be distinguished by the shape of their tails. Sharp-shinned hawks have a more square, or slightly rounded tail shape, which is typically shorter in proportion to their body. In contrast, Cooper's hawks possess a longer, more rounded tail. This difference in tail shape is particularly noticeable when the birds are observed in flight or perched, as it plays a crucial role in their flight dynamics and maneuverability.

While coloration may show some variation, both species can exhibit similar plumage, making this an unreliable distinguishing feature. Although wing shape does differ—they both have distinctive wing proportions—these differences can be subtle and harder to discern without close comparison. Finally, while hunting techniques can vary between the two species, this is influenced by their environment and prey availability, rather than being a fixed trait that can be depended upon for identification. Thus, the shape of the tail provides a clear and consistent method for distinguishing between these two species in the field.