What does "hack" refer to in falconry?

In falconry, "hack" refers to the state of complete liberty allowed to eyases, which are young hawks that have not yet been trained. When hawks are hacked, they are allowed to fly and develop their natural hunting instincts in a semi-wild environment. This practice is crucial because it helps the birds acclimate to their surroundings and learn to hunt effectively. It also promotes their physical fitness and encourages the natural behaviors necessary for successful hunting once they are fully trained.

The concept of hacking is important for the development of young birds of prey, ensuring that they have the opportunity to exercise and form bonds with their environment before they enter full training. This period of freedom is vital to their overall success as hunting partners.