What does "preening" describe in birds?

Preening is an important behavior in birds that involves systematically cleaning and arranging their feathers. This behavior is key to maintaining feather condition, ensuring waterproofing, and promoting insulation. When birds engage in preening, they use their beaks to apply natural oils produced from a gland located near the base of their tail. The action helps to keep the feathers aligned properly and removes dirt, parasites, and other debris.

While being well-adjusted can be indicative of a bird that is engaged in preening behavior, preening itself directly relates to feather maintenance rather than a behavioral sign of emotional or social adjustment. Nonetheless, preening can be seen as a marker of a bird's overall health, as a bird that neglects its feathers is often a sign of stress or illness.

Dust bathing, hunting techniques, and vocalizations are distinct behaviors that serve different purposes, such as hygiene, foraging strategies, and communication, respectively. These behaviors do not align with the definition of preening. Thus, the emphasis on preening as a vital part of a bird's grooming ritual underscores why it is commonly associated with being healthy or well-adjusted, as it reflects their ability to care for themselves effectively.