What is the most effective trap for small hawks outside of migration?

The bal-chatri is considered the most effective trap for small hawks outside of migration due to its unique design and functionality. This trap typically consists of a lightweight frame covered in nylon mesh with bits of bait, such as live mice or small birds, placed inside. The mesh allows the hawk to see and access the bait while also preventing escape once the bird lands on the trap.

The bal-chatri is particularly effective because it appeals to the hawk's hunting instincts by simulating a natural hunting scenario. When the hawk attempts to catch the bait, it becomes entangled in the mesh, which secures it for capture. This method minimizes injury to the hawk and allows for the safe handling of the bird once trapped.

In comparison, the other trapping options have different applications or are less effective for small hawks during non-migratory periods. The phai-trap, while useful in certain contexts, typically focuses on larger birds or is less adaptable for small hawks. The bow-net is more suited for capturing birds on the ground and may not be as effective for small hawks hunting in the air. The harnessed pigeon, although used in falconry, is not a trap but rather a baiting technique that relies on