Which process allows young raptors to gain full flight freedom until they can hunt for themselves?

Hacking is the process that permits young raptors to leave the nest and experience flight in a safe environment while gradually becoming familiar with their surroundings. This technique allows them to learn essential skills, including how to navigate, recognize their territory, and eventually hunt for their own food. During hacking, young birds are often fed and monitored by falconers, who provide support as they develop the necessary abilities for independent survival.

Imprinting refers to the process where young birds establish a bond with their caretaker, which can influence their behavior throughout life, particularly in adopting behaviors seen in their caregiver. Training involves teaching raptors specific commands and desirable behaviors but does not directly relate to gaining flight freedom. Fostering involves raising a chick by an adult bird other than its biological parent, which can be beneficial for survival but does not specifically focus on preparing young raptors for flight independence.