Which raptor is noted for tail pumping and head bobbing as identification markers?

The American Kestrel is recognized for its distinctive tail pumping and head bobbing behaviors, which serve as key identification markers. These movements are particularly noticeable when the kestrel is perched or in flight. The tail pumping involves a repetitive up-and-down motion of the tail, while head bobbing adds to the bird's overall characteristic movements.

These behaviors not only aid in identification for observers but also play a role in the bird's communication, often signifying agitation, excitement, or gullibility to potential prey. In contrast, the other species listed do not exhibit these specific behaviors as prominently, making the American Kestrel easily distinguishable from them.